In order to automate the DNS challenge the LE bot needs the DNS server to have an API and needs an API access token. See if your DNS service is among the ones supported.

The verification part is done by the LE server with your DNS server so that’s not a problem. But you need to connect to the internet to launch the renewal process and to get the new certificates.

I think he meant “declare” as in actually win the war, not in the Michael Scott sense.

i think OP wants it to leave their current files alone. But Paperless doesn’t work like that, it deletes the originals and arranges the files its own way.

Get Nvidia GPU for AI, period.

Read the manual for the motherboard you want and make sure that the M2 slot supports NVMe rather than SATA. (Also, learn to tell NVMe from SATA chips.) M2 slots that are SATA usually share a SATA lane with the SATA connectors and if you populate the M2 slot you might lose a connector.

Another thing to read about is whether populating which M2 slot reduces the speed of one of the PCIe slots. Same reason (shared lanes) but with PCIe instead of SATA. These things should be spelled out next to the M2 connectors.

NVMe drives in Linux have /dev/nvme* designations not /dev/sd*.

Unraid uses a very simplistic scheme where you throw together a bunch of drives and one parity drive. The parity drive needs to be as big as the largest normal drive and holds recovery checksums for all the other.

Basically you can lose any one disk and still be able to recover the data, and the disks don’t have to be the same size.

You can achieve the same with snapraid + mergerfs if you want.

TrueNAS uses distributed parity schemes so it has same size requirements, but it also protects against bitrot and has other extra features.

NI has a very clear-cut legal option to leave UK and reunite with Ireland but Scotland’s situation is a lot more complicated.

Borg Backup. It can work locally or over network. Takes snapshots of the files you give it. Performs deduplication, compression and optionally encryption. You can check the integrity of the backups and repair them. There’s a very simple to use GUI for it called Pika Backup to get you started.

What do you mean “everywhere”?

NPM also lets you use your own certificates. Pick the “Custom” option after you click “Add SSL certificate”.

If your services are not public-facing and you can’t use the HTTP challenge you have the alternative to use a real domain name and to ask the bot to verify access to your DNS service through an API token. In NPM it’s called “DNS challenge” in the certificate options.

So instead of using something like “service.local” as the domain you would use “service.local.realdomain.tld”, give the Let’s Encrypt bot a token to the DNS service that you use to manage realdomain.tld, and ask for a wildcard cert for *.local.realdomain.tld.

Of course you will also need *.local.realdomain.tld to resolve to your server’s private LAN IP. Typically people prefer do this in their LAN DNS but if it doesn’t support that you can do it in the public DNS.

The alternative is to offer the Let’s Encrypt bot access to your DNS service, typically in the form of an API token which you revoke after the bot verifies the domain. Access to the API is not needed for subsequent cert refreshes, only the first time.

The bot (or the proxy you use) needs to support the API of the DNS you use, naturally, but they support a wide variety of the most well-known ones.

VPNs are extremely easy to detect and block. You need to do deep packet inspection but it can be done if they’re willing to pay for it.

This is what it’s going to come down to, whether ISPs will be willing to eat the costs for all the blocking.

You can use bind mounts instead of volumes to prevent the container to start when the target is missing.

https://docs.docker.com/storage/bind-mounts/

I’m not sure what happens if the target goes down while the container is running. And you would still need a monitoring solution for telling the container to start when the target comes up.

FUSE is a “virtual” filesystem that can be used to make anything look like a local filesystem.

Example, encfs uses it to make an encrypted file tree appear decrypted to the user and performs encryption/decryption as needed on the fly.

Another example, Borg Backup uses it to let you browse backup snapshots as normal files even when they’ve been compressed, encrypted and/or deduplicated with other snapshots.

Asian films on AvistaZ.

It’s already in files. I’m looking for something that will let me search and view the files remotely. Something better than logging in with ssh and grepping and looking at the raw mails. Which is still useful in a pinch but gets tedious when you need to read an attachment, or when the message was HTML.

While you’re at it you can get a PC case with plenty of drive slots… Check out Fractal Design.

The 4 HDDs alone will do at least 60W, no matter what you connect them to.

CPUs have excellent idling capabilities, and you can control and customize fans.

You may save like 10-20W with a low power PC but you also give up a lot of features — HDDs in a cramped enclosure with one 50-80mm fan going crazy vs having 2x 120mm fans spinning slowly for example.

You also have to figure out offsetting the initial costs — how soon will the money you spend on hardware will be recovered from the power bill savings? If it takes 10 years to break even it may not be worth it to you.

Ah, you found the flaw in this plan.

SSDs draw less power than HDDs, first of all. But regardless, if the enclosure chipset is poor quality and/or hasn’t been designed to run 24/7 it can overheat and disconnect intermittently or permanently.

And that’s without going into the quality of the USB and drivers on the host.

You either lucked out or you’ve been having silent file corruptions going for 10 years without realizing. What filesystems do you have on those disks?